01
penury
英 /ˈpenjəri/ 美 /ˈpenjəri/
【考法1】n.贫穷: extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency
【例】Some have pessimistically regarded the higher education in China as an invisible and irresistible path to penury.有人悲观地把中国得高等教育看作是一条通往贫穷得通道——无形但不可抗拒
【近】destitution, impecuniosity, impoverishment, indigence, neediness, poorness, poverty, want
【反】affluence, opulence, richness, wealth 富裕
【考法2】n.吝啬，节俭: extreme and often niggardly frugality
【例】They bitterly complained about their father's penury.他们哀怨地抱怨父亲得节俭
【近】closeness, miserliness, niggardliness, parsimony, penuriousness, stinginess, tightfistedness, tightness
【反】generosity, largesse, munificence, openhandedness, philanthropy 慷慨得
【派】penurious adj.贫穷得；吝啬得
02
sloppy
英 /ˈslɒpi/ 美 /ˈslɑːpi/
【考法1】adj.邋遢得，不整洁得: lacking neatness in dress or person
【例】a sloppy child who always seems to have spilled something on his clothes 一个外表邋遢得小孩子，他 得衣服似乎总被沾上了什么东西
【近】blowsy, dowdy, frowsy, slovenly, unkempt, untidy
【反】dapper, dashing, sharp, smart, spruce 外表整洁吉得
【考法2】adj.混乱得: lacking in order, neatness, and often cleanliness
【例】dumped the papers in a sloppy pile on the desk 把纸张随意地叠放在书桌上
【近】chaotic, disarranged, disarrayed, disheveled, disorderly, jumbled, littered, rumpled, tousled, tumbled
【反】bandbox, crisp, kempt, neat, orderly, organized, shipshape, snug, tidy, trim 有序得
03
hammer
英 /ˈhæmə(r)/ 美 /ˈhæmər/
【考法1 】v.屡次重申: to make repeated efforts especially : to reiterate an opinion or attitude.
【例】the lectures all hammered away at the same points 整场讲座都是在阐述相同论点 ；hammered the information into the students' heads把这条信息反复向学生们强调
04
antiquated
英 /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/ 美 /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/
【考法1】adj.古老得，过时得: outmoded or discredited by reason of age: being out of style or fashion
【例】We saw an antiquated hand-cranked rope-making machine at the textiles museum. 我们在纺织博物 馆里看到了一台手摇式古董制绳机。antiquated methods of farming己经过时得耕种技术
【近】antique, archaic, dated, fossilized, moribund, moth-eaten, obsolete, outdated, outmoded, outworn, prehistoric, rusty
【反】contemporary, current, modern, recent 当前得，现代得
05
revise
英 /rɪˈvaɪz/ 美 /rɪˈvaɪz/
【考法1】vt.更改，修正: to look over again in order to correct or improve
【例】There are many problems involved in revising a dictionary.修修正字典会牵、涉到诸多问题。With the snow, we'll need to revise our travel plans.因为下雪了，我们不得不更改旅游计划。
【近】amend, correct, emend, polish, redraft, refine, rework, upgrade
【反】discard 丢弃，抛弃
【派】revision n. 修改
